VEGFA and ischemic stroke: For example, EGb 761 (a standardised extract of Ginkgo biloba) has been shown to upregulate VEGF mRNA expression and activity, promoting angiogenesis in a permanent ischemic stroke model in mice [74], while an in vitro study has shown possible anti-angiogenic effects of Ginkgo biloba through down-regulation of VEGF mRNA expression in THP-1 cells [75,76] indicating potential different mechanisms of action of EGb 761 in different models.