ESR1 and scoliosis: In conclusion, the homozygous PP genotype of ESR1 was associated with a higher risk of scoliosis (PP vs. Pp+pp, p=0.006; OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.27 – 4.43) and the presence of the P allele alone (P vs. p, p = 0.045; OR: 1.48, CI: 1.01 - 2.17) could be considered as susceptibility factor to IS.