CXCL8 and schizophrenia: However, increases detected in the microarray were not reproduced by qPCR for cytokines and chemokines such IL-1β, and CCL2.94 Another study also found a decrease in IL-8 mRNA in the middle frontal gyrus in schizophrenia, whereas IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-6 were not changed.139 Two more microarray studies also found decreases in expression, with CCL3 being reduced ninefold in the prefrontal cortex96 and IL-13RA reduced in the temporal lobe.98