SMN1 and neoplasm: For example, TGFβ has been implicated in the repression of e-cadherin, leading to the increased invasiveness of tumor cells and the activation of Sma and Mad (SMAD) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which all can contribute to the induction of EMT [14]In addition to different cytokines and transcription factors, disruption of cell-cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and the cell-ECM adhesions mediated by integrins can also contribute to EMT, resulting in tumor invasion [15, 16].