The growth factor bFGF is upregulated in GBM; thus, to determine whether integrin αvβ3 on ECs is activated on binding L1CAM on CSCs, we co-seeded ECs and CSCs on laminin in the presence of bFGF (3 h) using Sox2 as a positive control for CSCs [33]. Here, L1CAM is linked to glioblastoma.