Interestingly, a recent study showed that co-culture of B cells with dermal fibroblasts from patients with SSc induces collagen production and secretion of the profibrotic cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β1; furthermore, this effect is dependent on direct contact between B cells and fibroblasts [56, 57]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and systemic sclerosis.