To further characterize the critical role of BDNF in the engrafted BDNF-NSC-mediated cognitive improvement of AD mice, we conducted a loss-of-function study using BDNF mRNA anti-sense oligomers to knock down BDNF expression (referred to as ASO BDNF-NSCs) following BDNF overexpression. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Alzheimer disease.