PKM and neoplasm: Lactic acidosis play multifaceted roles in tumor progression: knockdown of LDH-A diminished the tumourigenicity of cancer cells [27]; decreasing the lactate fermentation by displacing PKM2 with PKM1 reduced cancer cells' ability to form tumors in nude mice [12]; acidosis was potentially important for promoting tumour metastasis [28] and cancer progression including cancer cell metabolism [29, 30] and survival [31, 32], chromosomal instability [33, 34], and tumor angiogenesis [34, 35].