TP53 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: Mutations in the p53 gene may occur at different phases during tumorigenesis, such as in the late stages of pancreatic neoplasia,37 hepatocellular carcinoma,38 prostate cancer39 and so on but in the early phases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a precancerous lesion of breast40 and liver cancer.41 The occurrence of p53 mutations before the development of invasive breast cancer, particularly in DCIS, suggests the potential of PEITC in the prevention of breast cancer.