Pietroiusti et al evaluated the seroprevalence of HP infection and found that it was 71.0% in atherosclerotic stroke patients and 70.2% in healthy participants.31 Whereas the differences did not reach statistical significance, there was higher prevalence of cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) HP strain (42.8%) in atherosclerotic stroke patients, with an odds ratio of 3.04 compared with cardiogenic embolic stroke patients and an odds ratio of 4.3 compared with healthy participants. Here, S100A8 is linked to stroke disorder.