COX-1 and 2 are crucial catalysts in the production of essential lipid mediators including prostaglandins [33,34] and elevated levels of COX and prostaglandins have been observed in a number of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease [35], Parkinson's disease [36], HIV [37], and SIV [38]. The gene discussed is PTGS1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.