KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: There are three primary clinical stage tests for prostate cancer: the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test which measures the level of PSA in the bloodstream; a biopsy which is used to detect the presence of cancer in the prostate and to evaluate the degree of cancer aggressiveness (results are usually given in the form of the Primary and Secondary Gleason patterns); and a physical examination, namely the Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) which can determine the existence of disease and possibly provide sufficient information to predict the stage of the cancer.