Given the pleiotropic nature of BUD13 and ZPR1 regulatory genes, an indirect risk reducing effect of these genes towards CAD could possibly be a result of their action mediated through other metabolic pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress, thrombosis, blood glucose homeostasis etc. The interactions between the genes might also cause these varying effects of SNPs. The gene discussed is ZPR1; the disease is coronary artery disorder.