PTGS2 and Abnormal renal physiology: In support of these results, celecoxib has been proved to attenuate rodent renal injury induced by several other chemical or physical factors, such as cisplatin,46 cyclosporine47 or hypoxia.48 As long ago as 1997, celecoxib was developed49 and then used in the clinic.50 However, some case reports showed that long-time use or high doses of celecoxib raised the risk of renal injury in the elderly and in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction, liver injury or heart diseases.51 Therefore, use of COX-2 inhibitors requires caution.