This is in contrast to a recent study in which A20 was identified as a tumor suppressor in the progression and metastasis of HCC through a mechanism involving inhibition of expression of the EMT-related gene Twist1 via suppression of NF-κB activation.47 Our in vivo findings in mice, however, establish A20 as a crucial protective and tumor suppressive factor in liver, and suggest that A20 deficiency or defects in its activity in humans might sensitize to the development of liver disease and liver cancer in specific contexts. The gene discussed is TWIST1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.