Current cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, γ-irradiation, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, has linked to activation of apoptosis signal transduction pathway.42, 43 Caspases, closely associated with apoptosis, are widely expressed in an inactive proenzyme form in most cells and, once activated, can often activate other procaspases, allowing initiation of a protease cascade.44 Present study found that erianin induced generation of apoptotic cells through the induction of DNA fragmentation and the activation of PARP, caspase-3, -8, and -9. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and cancer.