The gene expression related to TG2 is modulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,11, 41 tissue remodeling,42 inflammation,2, 43 viral infection,44 and apoptotic signals,45, 46 as well as cancers2, 47, 48, 49 and mediated by soluble factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone morphogenetic protein 4,50 interleukin (IL)-1,51 IL-6,52 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,53 and epidermal growth factor (EGF)47 (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and viral infectious disease.