Fourthly, the low leptin effect on the CNS in AIS subjects [3, 11] may explain the different thinning pattern of the cerebral cortex observed in patients with AIS during adolescence, which may be primary (i.e. pathogenetic) or secondary (i.e. adaptation) to the development of scoliosis [12]. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is androgen insensitivity syndrome.