Protein markers currently in clinical use, which include CA125 (cancer antigen 125) for ovarian cancer, CA199 (carbohydrate antigen 199) for pancreatic cancer, CEA (carcino embryonic antigen) for colon cancer and PSA (prostate specific antigen) for prostate cancer, have limitations with respect to their use for screening owing to low sensitivity and specificity in early stages and inability to distinguish aggressive from indolent tumors [11]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.