Recent meta-analysis of Bo et al.   23  on 12 trials with 2380 septic patients showed that use of GCSF and GM-CSF did not reduce hospital mortality (RR:0.97, 95% CI: 0,69-1.36, P: 0.86); However, GCSF therapy significantly increased the reversal rate from infection (P:0.02). Here, CSF3 is linked to infection.