This observation further supports our hypothesis from the studies of CCL28 effects in the presence of exogenous cytokines (GM-CSF, Flt3L, and SCF, see above); the final effects of CCL28 on AML cell proliferation depends on the local cytokine network determined by the constitutive cytokine release by the leukemic cells (Figure 2) and exogenous cytokines (i.e., cytokines not released by AML cells). Here, CSF2 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.