ESR1 and breast carcinoma: In the ERα-positive breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, bakuchiol exerted a biphasic effect on the growth of the cells under the experimental conditions (at 24, 48, and 72 h) – stimulating cellular proliferation at concentrations below 2 μg/ml, but inhibiting cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner above 2 μg/ml (Figure 3A).