The expression of ACADM protein (1.81 ± 0.11 vs. 1.43 ± 0.09, P = 0.011) in the left atria was significantly up-regulated in the patients with aortic valve disease and heart failure (n = 6) compared to normal controls (n = 4) (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene ACADM and aortic valve disorder.