Many factors have been reported to be associated with NAFLD or NAFLD-related pathological processes, such as inflammation and NASH, including tumour necrosis factor-α [23], interleukin-6 [24], linoleic acid [25], miR-122 [26], miR-34a [26], and haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and chitinase-3-like protein 1 [21, 23]. Here, HP is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.