TGFB1 and neoplasm: Herein, inhibitory cell populations such as Treg, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor associated (M2) macrophages and tolerogenic DC (tolDC) play an important role.[4, 5, 10, 11] But also the tumor itself contributes to this phenomenon through the release of soluble factors such as TGF-β and IL-10 which then also induce immunoregulatory cells and inhibit T effector cell (Teff) function.[12, 13] In order to analyze the influence of melanoma cells on CD4+ Teff function, we performed allogeneic co-culture experiments and analyzed proliferation and cytokine production of Teff.