Furthermore, nuclear p16INK4a positive patients showed 5-year OS rates of 44% (P=0.04) compared to cytoplasmic p16INK4a positive or p16INK4a negative HNSCC patients with respective 5-year OS rates of 35% and 42% (Figure 2C). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.