Our recent study (Additional file 1: Figure S1) supports the key role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in communicating hydrocephalus, as decorin, a TGF-β antagonist [20–23] ameliorated subarachnoid fibrosis and therefore significantly attenuated the enlargement of the ventricular system [12]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hydrocephalus.