XPC and lung carcinoma: Many studies have shown that polymorphisms in the XPC gene are associated with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urinary bladder cancer, advanced colorectal adenoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma8, 9.