A large number of recent studies has established a central role of the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 for TH17 cell differentiation and secretion of IL-17 [26,27,42] and shown that both are markedly involved in pathogeneses of acute and chronic kidney disease. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chronic kidney disease.