A prospective single US centre study evaluating the long-term psychosocial effects of BRCA1/2 testing in a cohort of 464 women who had undergone genetic testing found that at long-term follow up (median 5 years; range 3.4–9.1 years), when assessing cancer-specific and genetic testing distress, perceived stress, and perceived cancer risk, there is modest increased distress in BRCA1/2 carriers compared to those women who received uninformative or negative test results (84). This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.