For example, IGF-1 has been shown to promote cytotoxic activity in human natural killer cells (Ni et al., 2013), and our influenza vaccine pathway network (Figure 11) shows a strong connection between “IFG1 Pathway” and “Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.” Connections at the individual gene level within the two pathways may miss this relationship. Here, IGF1 is linked to influenza.