Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα, are secreted by lymphocytes and macrophages within pancreatic infiltrates during T1D development and after allogeneic islet transplantation and contribute to β-cell destruction by inducing a variety of pro-apoptotic processes (60, 61). Here, IFNG is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.