Combined, our results suggest that in patients, CXCR1 expressed in ASCs in vivo, and possibly CXCR2, direct ASC trafficking towards CXCL8 gradient activated in cancer and CXCL1 gradient in addition activated in obesity (Supplementary Fig. 7a). Here, CXCL1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.