For example, the higher overall risk of cancer in males may be associated with their increased levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2, AXL receptor tyrosine kinase31, stem cell factor (SCF), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3)32, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), and/or angiogenin33 found in this study. The gene discussed is MMP3; the disease is cancer.