In patients with type 2 diabetes, ingestion of 13.5 g chocolate rich in flavanols 60 min after an oral 75-g-glucose load did not change ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and P-selectin-glycoprotein ligand 1 in serum, whereas ICAM-1 increased after ingestion of the same amount of flavanol-poor chocolate [49]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.