Impaired insulin sensitivity of the brain was associated with (1) cognitive decline and brain atrophy in healthy elderly men and women [276]; (2) a positive correlation with the extent of cognitive impairment in AD patients [277,278] and (3) an increased risk for AD in women with elevated plasma insulin levels and decreased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus [279]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Cognitive impairment.