TNF and Obesity: The dysmetabolic phenotype observed in individuals with obesity in our study can be explained in the context of immune system dysregulation that exists in IR by the development of two alternative mechanisms not exclusive: in one the WAT of individuals with obesity have increased resident M1 macrophages able to produce chemokines and in additional one, it has been found that high concentrations of fatty acids induce expression of TNFα and Toll-like receptor-4 signaling [4, 30].