In the present study, we detected the expression of VEGF in the HCC, MRC-5, and macrophage co-culture group under three different conditions: 10% FBS with O2 (normal condition), 0% FBS with O2 (starved of fetal bovine serum but with O2), and 0% FBS without O2 (simulating hypoxia and serum starvation conditions). Here, VEGFA is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.