CD4 and Sepsis: In addition, sepsis also causes a number of defects in immune function, including a shift from a pro-inflammatory (Th1) to an anti-inflammatory (Th2) cytokine profile, increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, monocyte deactivation with low HLA-DR expression, and apoptosis of B and CD4 T lymphocytes [47, 48].