A narrow range of low doses of γ-radiation increases Cx43 expression, activation of p38 MAPK/p21 and glioma cell migration, but has no effect on cell proliferation, and the activation of p38 is inhibited by Cx43 knockdown, suggesting Cx43 is an important mediator in MAPK activation and radiation-induced secondary malignancies and metastasis [82]. The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is central nervous system cancer.