TLR3 and infection: Ranjith-Kumar et al suggested that several polymorphisms that alter TLR3 amino acids initiate resultant changes in the protein and that they might downregulate the gene expression and lower the activities of TLR3 required for proper signaling.22 Reduced activity of TLR3 results in failure to recognize invading microorganisms and insufficient immune responses, thus increasing the likelihood of infections and infectious diseases.