TLR3 and infection: They could induce amino acid conversions and thereby modify the promoter activities.4,7 Earlier research suggests significantly higher expression levels in chronic HCV infection patients with TLR3 genotypes compared to their healthy counterparts.7 Recent research also demonstrates evidence of a higher infection rate in individuals who harbor SNPs of the TLR3 gene that controls efficacy of innate immunity.8 Therefore, SNPs in TLR3 may increase the risk of hepatitis virus infection and hepatitis virus-related diseases.