PSEN1 and Alzheimer disease: These animals models include transgenic mice which have mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1), both of which are associated with familial early onset AD in humans, or mutant tau protein that is not normally associated with familial AD in humans but results in a human-like AD pathology [27], and mice treated with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or streptozotocin to induce AD-like pathologies [28, 29].