FSTL1 and renal cell carcinoma: Table 2 presents the genotype distributions of the 6 SNPs in healthy controls and RCC patients including ccRCC patients. Compared to healthy controls, the variant genotype CC of rs1259293 in the intron 2 of FSTL1 coding region was significantly associated with an increased risk of RCC, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.004 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.190–3.375 (P = 0.009). Similarly, the CC genotype of rs1259293 was also significantly associated with an increased risk of ccRCC (OR = 2.014, 95% CI = 1.171–3.463, P = 0.011).