TGFB1 and pancreatic neoplasm: Butz, et al. [33] predicted SMAD3 may be the target of miR-938 in pituitary adenomas, which can decrease TGF-β pathway activation, leading more activated pathway like Ras-MAPK, c-Jun and PI3K-Akt, which are proved the core pathways in pancreatic cancer [34–38].