CDH1 and breast carcinoma: We used experimentally transformed HMLER breast cancer cells (human mammary epithelial cells [HMECs] overexpressing hTERT, SV40 T/t and H-RasV12) that had been modified to inhibit expression of the human CDH1 (E-cadherin) gene via short hairpin RNA (shRNA; HMLERshECad cells), which constitutes a valuable method for significantly enriching cells with CSC-like properties [39, 40].