Notably, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) and HMG box 1 (HMGB1), two major endogenous ligands of TLR4, have been identified as biomarkers of NSCLC [12–14], indicating that serum sTLR4 may also be of clinical significance in NSCLC. Here, HMGB1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.