TNF and protozoa infectious disease: On the other hand, the treatment of the infected mice with either higher doses of the extract (300–1000 mg/kg) or CQ (20mg/kg) might have alleviated the inflammatory effect of the P. berghei parasite by direct inhibitory effect on cytokines production, including TNF-, IFN-, NO and also might have generated many kinds of antioxidants in vivo with protective activities against protozoal infections (Awasthi et al., 2003 ▶).