Conventional or adjuvanted influenza vaccines are immunogenic in HIV+ adults20, 21, 22, 23 and children24, 25, 26, 27, however the induction and maintenance of influenza-specific antibody titres is frequently lower than in comparable HIV− controls, particularly in the absence of ART or in infected subjects with low CD4 T cell counts24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and influenza.