The results of migration and invasion assays using Boyden chamber inserts showed that inhibition of ERK signaling by U0126 treatment resulted in approximately 40% reduction in the number of migrating MUC1 expressing cells, while no effect was observed in S2013.Neo cells (Figure 3C), supporting the hypothesis that MUC1-enhanced activation of FRA-1 increased motility in pancreatic cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene FOSL1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.