At present, it is not clear (1) whether idiopathic and LRRK2-associated PD share common inflammatory pathways or present with distinct profiles and (2) whether non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers (NMCLRRK2) present with similar aspects of inflammatory profiles as seen in PD-affected patients indicating an involvement of the immune system in earliest neurodegenerative processes. Here, LRRK2 is linked to Parkinson disease.